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Oral Health Status of the Elderly at Tonga, West Region, Cameroon

Identifieur interne : 002D97 ( Pmc/Curation ); précédent : 002D96; suivant : 002D98

Oral Health Status of the Elderly at Tonga, West Region, Cameroon

Auteurs : Yotat Michele Lolita [Cameroun] ; Agbor Ashu Michael [Cameroun] ; Ntumba Hubert ; Djachechi Florence [Cameroun] ; Bolenge Jacques

Source :

RBID : PMC:4655062

Abstract

Objectives. The aim of this study was to determine the oral health status of elderly persons in Tonga, West Region of Cameroon. Methodology. This is a cross-sectional study of persons of at least 65 years, living in Tonga village, West Region of Cameroon. Results. A total of 183 persons aged between 65 and 94 years, mean age of 73 years ±7 s.d., 83 (45,4%) males, and 100 (54,6%) females participated in the study. The most represented age range was 65–74 years (60.1%); 86 (47.3%) and elders above 65 constituted 1.8% of the total population. More than a third 117 (41.4%) had visible dental plaque, 117 (48,6%) had periodontal pockets >4 mm, 153 (54,1%) had teeth with total crown destruction, 70 (38.3%) had not lost a tooth, 23 (12.6%) had lost 1 tooth, 19 (10.4%) have lost at least 2 teeth, 100 (55.7%) were partially edentulous at the maxilla and 98 (53.6%) at the mandible, 2 (1.1%) were completely edentulous at the maxilla and 3 (1.6%) at the mandible, and 3.8% had removable dentures. The mean DMF index was 6.11 and 69.4% had dental caries. Risk factors to dental caries were toothbrushing and tobacco consumption while dental plaque was associated to pocket depth of 4–6 mm. Barriers to oral health care included ignorance 47 (25.7%), financial difficulties 124 (67.8%), and distance to the nearest clinic 12 (6.5%). Conclusion. The oral status of the elderly was generally poor.


Url:
DOI: 10.1155/2015/820416
PubMed: 26633972
PubMed Central: 4655062

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Ntumba Hubert
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="I2">Université de Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Democratic Republic of the Congo</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
Bolenge Jacques
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="I2">Université de Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Democratic Republic of the Congo</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>

Le document en format XML

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<p>
<italic>Objectives</italic>
. The aim of this study was to determine the oral health status of elderly persons in Tonga, West Region of Cameroon.
<italic>Methodology</italic>
. This is a cross-sectional study of persons of at least 65 years, living in Tonga village, West Region of Cameroon.
<italic>Results</italic>
. A total of 183 persons aged between 65 and 94 years, mean age of 73 years ±7 s.d., 83 (45,4%) males, and 100 (54,6%) females participated in the study. The most represented age range was 65–74 years (60.1%); 86 (47.3%) and elders above 65 constituted 1.8% of the total population. More than a third 117 (41.4%) had visible dental plaque, 117 (48,6%) had periodontal pockets >4 mm, 153 (54,1%) had teeth with total crown destruction, 70 (38.3%) had not lost a tooth, 23 (12.6%) had lost 1 tooth, 19 (10.4%) have lost at least 2 teeth, 100 (55.7%) were partially edentulous at the maxilla and 98 (53.6%) at the mandible, 2 (1.1%) were completely edentulous at the maxilla and 3 (1.6%) at the mandible, and 3.8% had removable dentures. The mean DMF index was 6.11 and 69.4% had dental caries. Risk factors to dental caries were toothbrushing and tobacco consumption while dental plaque was associated to pocket depth of 4–6 mm. Barriers to oral health care included ignorance 47 (25.7%), financial difficulties 124 (67.8%), and distance to the nearest clinic 12 (6.5%).
<italic> Conclusion.</italic>
The oral status of the elderly was generally poor.</p>
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<pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Int J Dent</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Int J Dent</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">IJD</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>International Journal of Dentistry</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="ppub">1687-8728</issn>
<issn pub-type="epub">1687-8736</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Hindawi Publishing Corporation</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmid">26633972</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4655062</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1155/2015/820416</article-id>
<article-categories>
<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
<subject>Research Article</subject>
</subj-group>
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<title-group>
<article-title>Oral Health Status of the Elderly at Tonga, West Region, Cameroon</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Michele Lolita</surname>
<given-names>Yotat</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Ashu Michael</surname>
<given-names>Agbor</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1">
<sup>*</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Hubert</surname>
<given-names>Ntumba</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="I2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Florence</surname>
<given-names>Djachechi</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Jacques</surname>
<given-names>Bolenge</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="I2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="I1">
<sup>1</sup>
Dental Department, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Université des Montagnes, P.O. Box 206, Bangangté, Cameroon</aff>
<aff id="I2">
<sup>2</sup>
Université de Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo</aff>
<author-notes>
<corresp id="cor1">*Agbor Ashu Michael:
<email>agborasm@yahoo.com</email>
</corresp>
<fn fn-type="other">
<p>Academic Editor: Timo Sorsa</p>
</fn>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub">
<year>2015</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>8</day>
<month>11</month>
<year>2015</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>2015</volume>
<elocation-id>820416</elocation-id>
<history>
<date date-type="received">
<day>4</day>
<month>6</month>
<year>2015</year>
</date>
<date date-type="rev-recd">
<day>23</day>
<month>8</month>
<year>2015</year>
</date>
<date date-type="accepted">
<day>24</day>
<month>8</month>
<year>2015</year>
</date>
</history>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright © 2015 Yotat Michele Lolita et al.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2015</copyright-year>
<license xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/">
<license-p>This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<abstract>
<p>
<italic>Objectives</italic>
. The aim of this study was to determine the oral health status of elderly persons in Tonga, West Region of Cameroon.
<italic>Methodology</italic>
. This is a cross-sectional study of persons of at least 65 years, living in Tonga village, West Region of Cameroon.
<italic>Results</italic>
. A total of 183 persons aged between 65 and 94 years, mean age of 73 years ±7 s.d., 83 (45,4%) males, and 100 (54,6%) females participated in the study. The most represented age range was 65–74 years (60.1%); 86 (47.3%) and elders above 65 constituted 1.8% of the total population. More than a third 117 (41.4%) had visible dental plaque, 117 (48,6%) had periodontal pockets >4 mm, 153 (54,1%) had teeth with total crown destruction, 70 (38.3%) had not lost a tooth, 23 (12.6%) had lost 1 tooth, 19 (10.4%) have lost at least 2 teeth, 100 (55.7%) were partially edentulous at the maxilla and 98 (53.6%) at the mandible, 2 (1.1%) were completely edentulous at the maxilla and 3 (1.6%) at the mandible, and 3.8% had removable dentures. The mean DMF index was 6.11 and 69.4% had dental caries. Risk factors to dental caries were toothbrushing and tobacco consumption while dental plaque was associated to pocket depth of 4–6 mm. Barriers to oral health care included ignorance 47 (25.7%), financial difficulties 124 (67.8%), and distance to the nearest clinic 12 (6.5%).
<italic> Conclusion.</italic>
The oral status of the elderly was generally poor.</p>
</abstract>
</article-meta>
</front>
<floats-group>
<fig id="fig1" orientation="portrait" position="float">
<label>Figure 1</label>
<caption>
<p>Distribution of the study population according to the general pathologies frequently encountered.</p>
</caption>
<graphic xlink:href="IJD2015-820416.001"></graphic>
</fig>
<fig id="fig2" orientation="portrait" position="float">
<label>Figure 2</label>
<caption>
<p>Distribution of population according to the amount of plaque present.</p>
</caption>
<graphic xlink:href="IJD2015-820416.002"></graphic>
</fig>
<fig id="fig3" orientation="portrait" position="float">
<label>Figure 3</label>
<caption>
<p>Distribution of the study population according to the toothbrushing frequency.</p>
</caption>
<graphic xlink:href="IJD2015-820416.003"></graphic>
</fig>
<fig id="fig4" orientation="portrait" position="float">
<label>Figure 4</label>
<caption>
<p>Distribution of the study population according to the periodontal status.</p>
</caption>
<graphic xlink:href="IJD2015-820416.004"></graphic>
</fig>
<fig id="fig5" orientation="portrait" position="float">
<label>Figure 5</label>
<caption>
<p>Distribution of the study population according to the type of edentulous.</p>
</caption>
<graphic xlink:href="IJD2015-820416.005"></graphic>
</fig>
<fig id="fig6" orientation="portrait" position="float">
<label>Figure 6</label>
<caption>
<p>Distribution according to the wearing of dentures.</p>
</caption>
<graphic xlink:href="IJD2015-820416.006"></graphic>
</fig>
<table-wrap id="tab1" orientation="portrait" position="float">
<label>Table 1</label>
<caption>
<p>Distribution of the study population according to the age range and sex.</p>
</caption>
<table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
<thead>
<tr>
<th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Age range</th>
<th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Men
<italic>N</italic>
(%)</th>
<th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Women
<italic>N</italic>
(%)</th>
<th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Total</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">[65–74]</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">61 (73,5%)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">49 (79%)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">110 (60,1%)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">[75–84]</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">17 (20,5%)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">44 (44%)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">61 (33,1%)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">[>85]</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5 (6%)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7 (7%)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12 (3,3%)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Total</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">83 (45,4%)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">100 (54,6%)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">183 (100%)</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</table-wrap>
<table-wrap id="tab2" orientation="portrait" position="float">
<label>Table 2</label>
<caption>
<p>Distribution of the study population according to the oral hygiene practices.</p>
</caption>
<table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
<thead>
<tr>
<th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Hygiene practice</th>
<th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Frequency (
<italic>n</italic>
)</th>
<th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Percentage (%)</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Toothpick</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">180</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">98.4</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Toothbrush</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">153</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">83.6</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Toothpaste</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">105</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">57.4</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Wood ash</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">78</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">42.6</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Twig (chewing stick)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">30</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">16.4</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Floss</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.6</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</table-wrap>
<table-wrap id="tab3" orientation="portrait" position="float">
<label>Table 3</label>
<caption>
<p>Oral pathologies.</p>
</caption>
<table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
<thead>
<tr>
<th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Pathology</th>
<th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Frequency</th>
<th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Percentage</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Gingivitis</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">142</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">78%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">periodontitis</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">71</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">39%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Dental caries</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">56</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">30%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Tooth wear</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">29</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">15.8%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Tooth mobility</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">18</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Oral mucosa lesions</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">16</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Oral cancer</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1,1%</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</table-wrap>
<table-wrap id="tab4" orientation="portrait" position="float">
<label>Table 4</label>
<caption>
<p>Pathologies related to caries.</p>
</caption>
<table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
<thead>
<tr>
<th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Carious teeth</th>
<th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Frequency</th>
<th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Percentage (%)</th>
<th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Missing teeth</th>
<th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Frequency</th>
<th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Percentage (%)</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">56</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">30,6</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">70</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">38,3</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">27</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">14,8</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">23</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12,6</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">26</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">14,2</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">19</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10,4</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">15</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8,2</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5,5</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7,1</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">16</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8,7</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">14</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7,7</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3,3</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4,4</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6,0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4,9</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2,7</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3,3</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1,6</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1,6</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1,6</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">≥10</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.2%</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">≥10</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">17</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9,3</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">
<bold>Total</bold>
</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">
<bold>183</bold>
</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">
<bold>100%</bold>
</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">
<bold>Total</bold>
</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">
<bold>183</bold>
</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">
<bold>100%</bold>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</table-wrap>
<table-wrap id="tab5" orientation="portrait" position="float">
<label>Table 5</label>
<caption>
<p>Carious pathology according to the associated factors.</p>
</caption>
<table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
<thead>
<tr>
<th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Features</th>
<th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Caries</th>
<th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">No caries</th>
<th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">
<italic>p</italic>
value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Brushing only in the morning</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">92 (72.4)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">37 (66)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.001</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Visible dental plaque</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">24 (18.9)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">51 (91)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.5</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Tobacco</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">27 (21.3)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">16 (28.6)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.001</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Alcohol</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">48 (37.8)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">52 (92.8)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.11</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</table-wrap>
<table-wrap id="tab6" orientation="portrait" position="float">
<label>Table 6</label>
<caption>
<p>Distribution of the study population according to the accessibility factors to oral care.</p>
</caption>
<table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
<thead>
<tr>
<th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Barriers </th>
<th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Number (
<italic>N</italic>
)</th>
<th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Percentage (%)</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Finance</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">124</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">67.8</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Distance from clinic</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6.5</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">None</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">47</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">25.7</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Total </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">183</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">100</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</table-wrap>
</floats-group>
</pmc>
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